American
Pipit

They constantly pump or bob their tails up and down while walking on the ground.

They possess an unusually long hind toe and claw (called a hallux) that helps them grip and walk smoothly across slippery, unstable ground like mudflats and melting snowfields.

To attract mates and defend territory, males perform a dramatic song-flight—climbing up to 100 feet in the air while singing, then parachuting down with wings and tail completely fanned out.